Model International Mobility Convention

The Model International Mobility Convention (MIMC) proposes a better system for migration and mobility by addressing gaps in existing international law. It offers a comprehensive set of rules, outlining actions, rights, and duties that benefit both migrants and refugees as well as their states of origin, transit, and destination.

Cover of the International Mobility Convention.

Overview

International mobility—the movement of individuals across borders for any length of time, such as visitors, students, tourists, labor migrants, entrepreneurs, long-term residents, forced migrants, refugees, victims of trafficking, people caught in countries in crisis, and family members—has no common definition or legal framework.

The Model International Mobility Convention (MIMC) creates, for the first time, a holistic and cumulative framework to cover different categories of mobile people. It proposes a framework for international human mobility with goals of reaffirming their existing rights, while also expanding those rights where warranted.

Seeking to better protect the rights of all persons crossing international borders, the MIMC covers a broad spectrum of migrants and unpacks a range of migrant rights. By demonstrating what a better international mobility regime could look like, it hopes to take away undue concerns, assure uneasy publics, and inspire action.

Read the Convention

Model International Mobility Declaration

In 165 articles divided over eight chapters, the Convention establishes both the minimum rights afforded to all people who cross state borders as visitors, and the special rights afforded to tourists, students, migrant workers, investors, and residents, forced migrants, refugees, migrant victims of trafficking, and migrants caught in countries in crisis.

Some of these categories are covered by existing international legal regimes. However, in this Convention these groups are for the first time brought together under a single framework.

Sign the Convention

Development of the MIMC

The Model International Mobility Convention (MIMC) was developed by an International Mobility Commission at meetings organized by the Columbia Global Policy Initiative. It involved over forty eminent academic and policy experts in the fields of migration, human rights, national security, labor economics, and refugee law. The Commission came together to debate and develop the MIMC in workshops conducted regularly from early 2015 through April 2017. The MIMC is the outcome of this collaborative effort to produce a comprehensive and greatly needed international legal framework for human mobility. Through extensive deliberation, the Commission developed a coherent and equitable Model Convention

Having published the Convention, MIMC 1.0, in 2018, the next step in the development of the Convention was a meeting hosted in the University of Pennsylvania’s Perry World House in February 2019. The workshop produced the Model International Mobility Declaration (or MIMC 2.0), a summary version of MIMC 1.0. Continuing the promotion and progressive development of the Convention, the MIMC project joined Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs as an Impact Initiative.

Thematic Areas of Inquiry for MIMC 3.0

Climate-induced Mobility

With climate change disproportionately affecting people in vulnerable situations, migration due to climate and weather-related events will continue to increase in the coming decades. What are some ways that governments and international institutions can help these displaced populations? Are there legal pathways for people displaced due to climate change?

For more on this issue:

A Reflection on Climate Mobility: Has Causality Lost Resonance? by Mehreen Afzal
"Forced Migrants," Human Rights, and "Climate Refugees"
by Michael Doyle

Pandemic-induced Mobility

As the COVID-19 pandemic showed, diseases and viruses can have destabilizing effects on societies and increase migration, especially among the most vulnerable populations. How can governments and international institutions be better prepared for the next pandemic? Should migrants moving because of a pandemic have a different type of legal status?

Digital Commuting/Digital Nomads

With the ubiquity of Internet-enabled devices and WifI across many nations and societies, people can now live in one nation and virtually work in another. What are the global implications of digital border-hopping? How will this affect migration in the coming decades?

Connect with MIMC

Featured MIMC Podcasts, Events, & Articles

Insights from our Senior Fellows & Advisory Board

NOV 8, 2023 Article

Migration from Venezuela to Brazil: Addressing the Regularization of Undocumented Children

MAY 3, 2024 Article

MIMC at the Conference on International Migration

The Model International Mobility Convention attended the Conference on International Migration at St. Francis College, sharing a global perspective on current trends in human mobility.

DEC 15, 2022 Article

Revising MIMC: Finding Solutions to the Challenges of Today's Migration

On October 13-14, 2022, the Model International Mobility Convention (MIMC), Carnegie Council’s migration impact initiative, convened a workshop to find solutions to the most pressing ...

MIMC Team & Advisory Board

Michael W. Doyle

Carnegie Council Senior Fellow, Model International Mobility Convention (MIMC); Former Carnegie Council Trustee; Columbia University

Susie Han

Research Fellow, Model International Mobility Convention (MIMC); Columbia SIPA

Italian navy rescues asylum seekers in the Mediterranean off the coast of Africa, June 2014. <br>CREDIT: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/vfutscher/42322119744">Massimo Sestini/Polaris</a> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/">(CC)</a>.

JUN 20, 2021 Article

The World's Refugee System Needs to be Made Responsible

Today, we are faced with an unfair and ultimately unsustainable refugee system that simultaneously increases human suffering while placing the burden of hosting refugees on ...

APR 27, 2021 Podcast

Global Ethics Review: The Model International Mobility Convention 2.0, with Michael Doyle

How can we make migration more ethical? Columbia University's Professor Michael Doyle, also a senior fellow at Carnegie Council, discusses the Model International Mobility Convention (...

Bridge of the Americas (El Paso–Ciudad Juárez), June 2016. CREDIT: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/54593278@N03/27793302444">U.S. Customs and Border Protection/Public Domain</a>

SEP 4, 2019 Podcast

The Model International Mobility Convention, with Michael Doyle

In this timely talk, SIPA's Professor Michael Doyle details the Model International Mobility Convention, a "hypothetical ideal convention" developed to define a "comprehensive and coherent" ...